Barzykowski and Moulin's view on involuntary autobiographical memory focuses on automatic activation of representations and inhibitory control mechanisms. We discuss how and when a known neural mechanism – pattern completion – may result in involuntary autobiographical memories, the types of cues that may elicit this phenomenon and consider interactions with future-oriented cognition.

Neurotrophins (NTs) are {?AUTHOR} a family of structurally related, secreted proteins that regulate the survival, differentiation and maintenance of function of different populations of peripheral and central neurons.1,2 Among these, BDNF (brain‐derived neurotrophic factor) has drawn considerable interest because both its synthesis and secretion are increased by physiological levels of activity, indicating a unique role of this neurotrophin in coupling neuronal activity to structural and functional properties of neuronal circuits. In addition to its classical neurotrophic effects, which are evident within (...) hours or days and which usually result from changes in cellular gene expression, BDNF exerts acute effects on synaptic transmission and is involved in the induction of long‐term potentiation. Many of these rapid effects of BDNF are mediated by its modulation of ion channel properties following TrkB‐mediated activation of intracellular second messenger cascades and protein phosphorylation. However, recent reports have shown that BDNF not only acts as a modulator of ion channels, but can also directly and rapidly gate a Na+ channel, thereby assigning BDNF the properties of a classical excitatory transmitter. Thus, BDNF, in addition its role as a potent neuromodulator, emerges as an excitatory transmitter‐like substance which acutely controls resting membrane potential, neuronal excitability, synaptic transmission and participates in the induction of synaptic plasticity. BioEssays 26:1185–1194, 2004. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (shrink)

In September 2008, 10 years after the untimely death of Pere Alberch (1954–1998), the 20th Altenberg Workshop in Theoretical Biology gathered a group of Pere’s students, col- laborators, and colleagues (Figure 1) to celebrate his contribu- tions to the origins of EvoDevo. Hosted by the Konrad Lorenz Institute for Evolution and Cognition Research (KLI) outside Vienna, the group met for two days of discussion. The meeting was organized in tandem with a congress held in May 2008 at the Cavanilles Institute (...) for Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology (ICBiBE) in Valencia, Spain. The talks at the KLI were equal parts: nostalgic remembrance, excitement over new ways of thinking about old problems, and an unrepressed vitriol against the resurgence of reductionist thinking in EvoDevo. Here we highlight some of the key aspects of Pere’s life and work that informed and infused the talks. (shrink)

Alors que l’anthropologie montre que la naissance est d’abord un événement communautaire, actuellement des parents se retrouvent de plus en plus profondément seuls et démunis devant leur bébé. Ce phénomène est l’objet d’une recherche en cours qui essaie d’évaluer après la naissance les effets de l’isolement familial des parents sur la vie psychique du bébé lors de sa première année. Dans le cas clinique qui illustre ici cette « nouvelle solitude » des parents, les forums d’internet tentent de relayer la (...) faiblesse du soutien familial alors que les anxiétés, bien légitimes autour de la naissance, perdurent quand le bébé grandit. Au-delà des problèmes de la dépression maternelle du postpartum, l’accent est mis sur la place réelle que prend l’entourage comme soutien des processus plus intrapsychiques propres à la construction de la parentalité. (shrink)

Alors que l’anthropologie montre que la naissance est d’abord un événement communautaire, actuellement des parents se retrouvent de plus en plus profondément seuls et démunis devant leur bébé. Ce phénomène est l’objet d’une recherche en cours qui essaie d’évaluer après la naissance les effets de l’isolement familial des parents sur la vie psychique du bébé lors de sa première année. Dans le cas clinique qui illustre ici cette « nouvelle solitude » des parents, les forums d’internet tentent de relayer la (...) faiblesse du soutien familial alors que les anxiétés, bien légitimes autour de la naissance, perdurent quand le bébé grandit. Au-delà des problèmes de la dépression maternelle du postpartum, l’accent est mis sur la place réelle que prend l’entourage comme soutien des processus plus intrapsychiques propres à la construction de la parentalité. (shrink)

This article considers two of the methodological steps in a Community of Philosophical Enquiry: developing the questions and voting on the questions. Both of these practices are enacted by the 8-9 year old children who are the participants in a philosophical enquiry, which I facilitated at a government primary school in South Africa. Matthews (1994) reminds us that children as philosophical thinkers/doers have been left out of the dominant narratives about children and childhood. A question that guides this research is (...) where is the place for philosophical questions (developed by children) and the kind of philosophical thinking/drawing/creating/being for child (and adults) in schools? How do we make space for such questioning–so that the richness of these pedagogical encounters can really matter and make a difference to the teaching and learning taking place? Gandorfer in an interview with Barad (2021), suggests that critical thought “is to encounter what is unrecognizable and imperceptible, yet sensible and constructive of sense without separating it from the physical world” (p. 20). I would agree and apply this to the critical thoughts of child. This thinking is not located in the child, in their mind and does not emerge only through the thoughts, child verbalises. A critical posthumanism theory/practice analysis ensures that as researcher, I do not stand outside of the research peering in at a distance. Similarly the children, the questions, the voting and the enquiries are not separate from the world, they are all already entangled with the world. When the children are voting on the questions, this performs as a pedagogy of interruption (Michaud, 2020). As the facilitator, I do not know which question will receive the largest number of votes for the philosophical enquiry. This makes possible an emergent curriculum in its be(com)ing. Toby Rollo’s (2016) formulations about child as political agent and not just moral agent and the implications for more democratic and just schooling are theorised in this paper through the act of the children voting on the questions. I argue that children are not just excluded from participating in decisions about what and even how they are learning at school but from most pedagogical practices in classrooms and schools. I show how the children creating the questions and voting on the questions can be democratic practices with political and moral implications in a community of philosophical enquiry. (shrink)

La definición de la relación entre el Estado y las religiones forma parte del ordenamiento jurídico de los países, indicando si el Estado es laico, o si se le atribuye una religión oficial o, incluso, si es un Estado teocrático. Este artículo se basa en una investigación cualitativa, histórica, bibliográfica y documental. Se busca ofrecer una contribución para una mejor comprensión del tema de la laicidad del Estado. Se centra en el caso de Brasil, específicamente el Acuerdo Brasil-Santa Sede (o (...) Concordata), firmado en noviembre de 2008 en el Vaticano. (shrink)

Elizabeth Griffith’s play A Wife in the Right (1772) features a nabob character, a British man returned from India after having made his fortune through imperial pursuits. This article explores Griffith’s use of the nabob and how the theme of national identity is linked to a discourse around the potential gap between external appearance and internal character in this drama. This article aims to contribute to the growing scholarship surrounding female dramatists in the long eighteenth century by providing an initial (...) step in close reading this drama by Griffith in the context of philosophy and medical writing of the period. Applying, more specifically, Adam Smith’s philosophical and George Cheyne’s medical writing to a close reading of A Wife in the Right, this article reads Griffith’s nabob character and her commentary on national identity as part of a broader social performance of self in this period. (shrink)

Résumé Les liens psyché-soma retiennent toute l’attention au cours des premiers mois de la vie. Le bébé, placé sous la dépendance étroite de ses parents, bénéficie de soins et d’une attention la plupart du temps adaptés, mais il faut pouvoir prendre en compte le travail psychique que réalisent les parents pour parer à ses états de tension et d’excitation. Ainsi, pour le bébé dont l’organisation psychique est en cours de développement, le système pare-excitation maternel et plus largement parental joue un (...) rôle central dans le développement psychosomatique. La présentation d’une situation clinique permet d’illustrer les propos de l’auteur, de mesurer l’importance du système pare-excitation parental durant les premiers mois de la vie et ses effets, au sein des régulations précoces, en cas de défaillance. (shrink)

Enth.: Pars posterior, secundam editionem et indices continens.

Historical research has recently made it clear that, prior to Austin and Searle, the phenomenologist Adolf Reinach (1884-1917) developed a full-fledged theory of speech acts under the heading of what he called "social acts". He we consider a second instance of a speech act theory avant la lettre, which is to be found in the common sense philosophy of Thomas Reid (1710-1796). Reid’s s work, in contrast to that of Reinach, lacks both a unified approach and the detailed analyses of (...) pertinent examples. But his writings leave no doubt that he is acutely aware of the very problems concerning language structure and use out of which contemporary speech act theory has evolved and that he goes a good way towards solving these problems in the spirit of the modern theory. (shrink)

Alfred Stein, em memória de quem esse artigo é dedicado, mantinha, enquanto filósofo da história, a crença em valores absolutos como obsoletos bem como, enquanto filósofo da ética, o convencimento sobre a aleatoriedade relativista-cultural na valoração moral da ação humana. De uma tal valoração aparece indicado reconstruir a ação adequadamente, ou seja, compreendê-la intencionalmente e explicá-la por meio da causalidade. No decorrer desse compreender e desse explicar, se deve fazer uma referência a isso que Stern com, entre outros, Blaise Pascal, (...) chama de “a condição humana” (la condition humaine): o fato de que o humano é um ser consciente de si mesmo, de que ele é determinado por uma vontade de autopreservação, de que ele ama e odeia, de que ele sofre, busca escapar do sofrimento, de que ele sabe de sua mortalidade e, por fim, morre. De maneira semelhante à anthropéia physis de Thukydides, essas condições variantes resultam decorrer de ação bem diferentes e padrões de comportamento, de acordo com as especificidades da situação histórica – parecido com como um balão sobe, sob o efeito da mesma lei da gravidade, uma pedra, entretanto, cai ao chão. Seguindo essa construção compreensivo-explicativa da ação, vêm a sua valoração moral. Esta é, com Stein, guiada pelo princípio da liberdade como de um ser-livre de pressão e pelo princípio da maior minimização possível do sofrimento humano. (shrink)

In his works, Bernard of Clairvaux, designed an impressive curriculum for a monastic "school of spiritual love ". Because of Bernard's remarkable level of slyle and doctrine, this curriculum was limited for centuries to a monastic elite audience. According to the article, however at the end of the ]4th century the anonymous English author of The Cloud of Unknowing (probably a Carthusian) rewrote this program with mystico-pedagogical talent and created a "democratized version" of this course - with the central metaphor (...) of a "tree of love" - thus meeting the spiritual interests and needs lay-people had in that particular period. (shrink)

The chronological proximity of the Marburg neo-Kantian school and Edith Stein's phenomenological philosophy, and - related to this - the existence of common philosophical problems allow us to approach the question of the relationship between Edith Stein and the Marburg neo-Kantian school not looking for similarities, but rather comparing the points of view of Edith Stein and Paul Natorp (the author chosen to represent this School) on the same problems.

Face au jusnaturalisme et aux courants majeurs du positivisme juridique, l'école du réalisme juridique scandinave occupe une place singulière dans la philosophie du droit. L'ouvrage du grand juriste suédois Karl Olivecrona (1897-1980), De la Loi et de l'Etat, constitue l’une des meilleures illustrations de cette approche et une œuvre majeure de la doctrine suédoise. Après avoir été édité en anglais en 1939 sous le titre Law as fact, il fut publié en Suède en 1940 dans une version plus complète. (...) Déniant tout fondement métaphysique au Droit, l’auteur se prête à un exercice de déconstruction et de reconstruction de l’architecture de l’ordre juridique dans son intégralité afin de parvenir, selon ses propres termes, à une explication conséquente et cohérente des faits désignés par la notion d’ordre juridique. Le mouvement doctrinal du réalisme scandinave, qui a exercé une forte influence sur la pensée juridique suédoise et accompagné le déploiement de la social-démocratie et la construction de la société suédoise moderne, est aujourd’hui remis en question. Le meilleur indice n’en est-il pas fourni par les bouleversements que subit la société post-moderne suédoise, avec notamment le recadrage de l’Etat-providence en Etat de droit, sous l'influence de divers facteurs, en particulier le processus d’européanisation du droit? (shrink)

Commodity fetishism and the fetish of capital as an effect of western civilisation. Marx was aware that economic categories do not live an autonomous conceptual life, that they presuppose, in particular, the material and practical relations which humanity, as an organic living species, establishes with non-human nature. Such relations are to be examined in terms of their development in various historical and geographical milieus. The aim of the article is to highlight the importance of such variable conditioning. To do so, (...) it addresses the categories of fetishism and value, looking at the quantitative orientation of the production of material goods which has developed in western-type civilisation over the last 5,000 years. (shrink)